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Alexander Fol was born on 3 July 1933 in Sofia in the family of the famous Bulgarian intellectuals Vera and Nikolay Fol.
In 1957 he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy and History obtaining his first university degree in History, and in 1959 - from the Faculty of Classical and Modern Languages, specialising Classical Philology, at the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
In 1966 he completed his PhD thesis on The Thracians in the Western Roman Provinces, 1 st~3rd century AD and received his PhD degree; in 1985 he defended his Doctoral thesis on Thracian Orphism and obtained Dr. Litt. degree at the Faculty of History, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
For 40 years - from 1959 to 1999 - Alexander Fol read lectures (as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor) in Ancient History and Thracology at the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
Since 1999 he is Professor in Ancient History and Thracology at the New Bulgarian University, Sofia.
From 1972 to 1992 he was Founder and Director of the Institute of Thracology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
From 1979 to 1987 he was Founder and Head of the Chair of Ancient History and Thracology at the Faculty of History, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
From 1991 to 1999 he was Professor in Ancient Culture at the Faculty of Philosophy, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
Since 2003 he is Honorary Professor at the New Bulgarian University, Sofia.
Professor Fol is the author of 370 scientific monographs, studies, articles, and contributions to national and international congresses and symposia.
He has written 13 monographs on Thracian political and social history, religion and culture - Demographic and Social Structure of Ancient Thrace (1970), Political History of the Thracians (1972), Thrace and the Balkans in the Early Hellenistic Epoch (1974), Thracian Orphism (1986), Policy and Culture in Ancient Thrace (1990), Thracian Dionysos. Book One. Zagreus (1991), Thracian Dionysos. Book Two. Sabazios (1994), Thracian Culture (1994), Word and Works in Ancient Thrace (1995), The Hymns of Orpheus (1995), History of Bulgarian Lands in Antiquity. Part I. (1997), History of Southeastern European Culture in Antiquity (1998), Thracian Dionysos. Book Three: Naming and Faith (2002)
Very considerable are Alexander Fol's scientific contributions to the study of the problems of the History and the Culture of the European Southeast in the Antiquity. He is among the pioneers and innovators of Bulgarian historiography with his studies on the political history, the interactions and the interpenetrations of the culture of Palaeo-Balkan communities and their relations with the Hellenic polls world. In this context his most brilliant achievement is the introducing and the argumented imposing in the science of the problem circle called Thracian Orphism. Thus, Thracology becomes a part of the interdisciplinary science of Indo-European studies.